Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg-Peter Ostermeyer, TU Braunschweig, GERMANY

Mr. Chengyuan Fang, Institute of Dynamics and Vibration of TU Braunschweig, GERMANY

Mr. Guido Lehne-Wandrey, Institute of Dynamics and Vibration of TU Braunschweig, GERMANY

Mr. Malte Sandgaard, Institute of Dynamics and Vibration of TU Braunschweig, GERMANY

Mr. Alexander Vogel, Institute of Dynamics and Vibration of TU Braunschweig, GERMANY

Mr. Jacek Kijanski, Institute of Dynamics and Vibration of TU Braunschweig, GERMANY

Mr. Thomas Hillner, wenglor sensoric GmbH, GERMANY

Mr. Fabian Repetz, wenglor sensoric GmbH, GERMANY

Friction tests under controlled conditions are crucial for the understanding of the boundary layer dynamics in technical brake systems. The dynamics of the friction interface characterize the braking performance. In order to evaluate and monitor the dynamics of the friction interface, detailed insights into the friction behavior is obtained by high precision tribotesters under laboratory conditions. Especially in the low sliding speed range, specialized machines such as the Variable Velocity Tribotester (VVT) make it possible to mimic real world phenomena under controlled conditions, e.g. creep groan or COF in low temperatures.

This paper presents the wenglor sensoric 3D sensor ShapeDrive MLAS201 for measuring the pad surface between friction applications at VVT. With this device, quasi in-situ measurements with high speed and precision of the pad’s surface are attained. The 3D sensor consists of a light engine which projects several patterns onto the pad surface and a high resolution camera which can record these patterns again. The topography and intensity information of the pad surface would be stored in a point cloud file with high precision of 12 megapixels. Such information can be used to analyze the surface properties such as roughness and height. With further algorithms it is also possible to observe the change of the entire topography and in further way to determine the wear volume and analyze the contact situations.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg-Peter Ostermeyer, TU Braunschweig, GERMANY

Mr. Alexander Vogel, TU Braunschweig, GERMANY

Mr. Jacek Kijanski, TU Braunschweig, GERMANY

Mr. Malte Sandgaard, TU Braunschweig, GERMANY

Mr. Guido Lehne-Wandrey, TU Braunschweig, GERMANY

Friction tests under controlled conditions are crucial for the understanding of the boundary layer dynamics in technical brake systems. The dynamics of the friction interface characterize the braking performance, which has to be evaluated and monitored in the early stages and throughout the development process of new friction materials. For this purpose, detailed insights into the friction behavior is obtained by high precision tribotesters under laboratory conditions. Especially in the low sliding speed range, specialized machines such as the Variable Velocity Tribotester (VVT) make it possible to mimic real world phenomena under controlled conditions, e.g. creep groan or COF in low temperatures.

The VVT is modularly designed with two linear stages to move the test specimen and a highly capable servor motor for the rotation of the brake disc. A rotational disk speed of up to 400 rpm is reached with a resolution of 25 bit and a 1:10 gearbox. The normal load can reach up to 300 N (approx. 45 bar brake line pressure) by utilizing a leaf spring load unit. A 3-axis piezoelectric force sensor directly at the test specimen measures the applied and resulting forces.

In addition to the friction testing, it is possible to automatically move the specimen to a high precision 3D laser scanning device with stripe light projection and to record height information and pictures of the friction surface. For measurements below room temperature, the VVT is located in an insulated chamber and equipped with two cooling aggregates.

Mr. Guido Lehne-Wandrey, TU Braunschweig, GERMANY

Mr. Jan Malte Sandgaard, TU Braunschweig, GERMANY

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg-Peter Ostermeyer, TU Braunschweig, GERMANY

Observation and assessment of air quality is not only a growing field of scientific research, but is also increasingly becoming the focus of public interest. Political interventions have succeeded in improving air quality not only in Germany, but also in many other countries, since the turn of the millennium. For this purpose, stricter requirements have been issued on limit values for household and traffic-related emissions. Due to technological progress, exhaust emissions could be reduced. As a result, other emission sources are now coming to the fore. These include particulate emissions from tire abrasion and vehicle brakes. The monitoring of the limit values for particulate matter pollution is carried out throughout Europe by means of scattered, highly precise but also very expensive measuring stations. Furthermore, these measuring stations generally only provide hourly to daily average values. Due to the low spatial and temporal resolution, only one statement about the success of all measures can be made. Individual causes and actions cannot be considered separately. For the investigation of individual events, for example braking and starting before a traffic light, a finer temporal and spatial resolution of the fine dust measurement is required.

In this work, a consideration of necessary information-technical measures for the creation of a swarm structure for the measurement of fine dust emissions takes place. This enables the finer resolution of individual emission events as required above. Furthermore, it offers the possibility to investigate dynamics and effects which could not be detected by single sensors only.